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Introduction, Measurement, Estimating How Science Works Models, Theories, and Laws Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures Units, Standards, and the SI System Converting Units Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating *Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension Reference Frames and Displacement Average Velocity Instantaneous Velocity Acceleration Motion at Constant Acceleration Solving Problems Freely Falling Objects *Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus Kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions; Vectors Vectors and Scalars Addition of Vectors-Graphical Methods Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar Adding Vectors by Components Unit Vectors Vector Kinematics Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion Relative Velocity Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion Force Newton's First Law of Motion Mass Newton's Second Law of Motion Newton's Third Law of Motion Weight-the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams Problem Solving-A General Approach Using Newton's Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces Using Newton's Laws with Friction Uniform Circular Motion-Kinematics Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked Nonuniform Circular Motion *Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity Gravitation and Newton's Synthesis Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Vector Form of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity Near the Earth's Surface Satellites and "Weightlessness" Planets, Kepler's Laws, and Newton's Synthesis Moon Rises an Hour Later Each Day Types of Forces in Nature *Gravitational Field *Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black Holes Work and Energy Work Done by a Constant Force Scalar Product of Two Vectors Work Done by a Varying Force Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle Conservation of Energy Conservative and Nonconservative Forces Potential Energy Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity Power Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium *Gravitational Assist (Slingshot) Linear Momentum Momentum and Its Relation to Force Conservation of Momentum Collisions and Impulse Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions Elastic Collisions in One Dimension Inelastic Collisions Collisions in 2 or 3 Dimensions Center of Mass (cm) Center of Mass and Translational Motion *Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion Rotational Motion Angular Quantities Vector Nature of Angular Quantities Constant Angular Acceleration Torque Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics Determining Moments of Inertia Rotational Kinetic Energy Rotational plus Translational Motion; Rolling *Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down? Angular Momentum; General Rotation Angular Momentum?-?Objects Rotating About a Fixed Axis Vector Cross Product; Torque as a Vector Angular Momentum of a Particle Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object Conservation of Angular Momentum *The Spinning Top and Gyroscope Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces *The Coriolis Effect Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture The Conditions for Equilibrium Solving Statics Problems *Applications to Muscles and Joints Stability and Balance Elasticity; Stress and Strain Fracture Trusses and Bridges Arches and Domes Fluids Phases of Matter Density and Specific Gravity Pressure in Fluids Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure Pascal's Principle Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity Bernoulli's Equation Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs,Blood Flow Viscosity *Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow *Surface Tension and Capillarity *Pumps, and the Heart Oscillations Oscillations of a Spring Simple Harmonic Motion Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion The Simple Pendulum *The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum Damped Harmonic Motion Forced Oscillations; Resonance Wave Motion Characteristics of Wave Motion Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal Energy Transported by Waves Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave *The Wave Equation The Principle of Superposition Reflection and Transmission Interference Standing Waves; Resonance Refraction Diffraction Sound Characteristics of Sound Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves Intensity of Sound: Decibels Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns *Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition Interference of Sound Waves; Beats Doppler Effect *Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom *Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law Atomic Theory of Matter Temperature and Thermometers Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Expansion *Thermal Stresses The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature The Ideal Gas Law Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number *Ideal Gas Temperature Scale-a Standard Kinetic Theory of Gases The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature Distribution of Molecular Speeds Real Gases and Changes of Phase Vapor Pressure and Humidity Temperature of Water Decrease with Altitude Van der Waals Equation of State Mean Free Path Diffusion Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics Heat as Energy Transfer Internal Energy Specific Heat Calorimetry-?Solving Problems Latent Heat The First Law of Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics-?Introduction Heat Engines The Carnot Engine; Reversible and Irreversible Processes Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps Entropy Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Order to Disorder Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law Thermodynamic Temperature; Third Law of Thermodynamics *Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources Electric Charge and Electric Field Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation Electric Charge in the Atom Insulators and Conductors Induced Charge; the Electroscope Coulomb's Law The Electric Field Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions Field Lines Electric Fields and Conductors Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field Electric Dipoles *Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication Gauss's Law Electric Flux Gauss's Law Applications of Gauss's Law *Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Laws Electric Potential Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field Electric Potential Due to Point Charges Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution Equipotential Lines and Surfaces Potential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole Moment E?Determined from V Electrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron Volt Digital; Binary Numbers; Signal Voltage TV and Computer Monitors Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage Capacitors Determination of Capacitance Capacitors in Series and Parallel Storage of Electric Energy Dielectrics *Molecular Description of Dielectrics Electric Current and Resistance The Electric Battery Electric Current Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors Resistivity Electric Power Power in Household Circuits Alternating Current Microscopic View of Electric Current *Superconductivity *Electrical Conduction in the Human Nervous System DC Circuits EMF and Terminal Voltage Resistors in Series and in Parallel Kirchhoff's Rules EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery RC Circuits?-?Resistor and Capacitor in Series Electric Hazards and Safety Ammeters and Voltmeters-?Measurement Affects Quantity Measured Magnetism Magnets and Magnetic Fields Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B? Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Dipole Moment Applications: Motors, Loudspeakers, Galvanometers Discovery and Properties of the Electron The Hall Effect Mass Spectrometer Sources of Magnetic Field Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire Force between Two Parallel Wires Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb Ampère's Law Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid Biot-Savart Law Magnetic Field Due to a Single Moving Charge Magnetic Materials-Ferromagnetism Electromagnets and Solenoids-Applications Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis *Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law Induced EMF Faraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's Law EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor Electric Generators Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents Transformers and Transmission of Power A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field *Information Storage: Magnetic and Semiconductor *Applications of Induction: Microphone, Seismograph, GFCI Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits Mutual Inductance Self-Inductance; Inductors Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field LR Circuits LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit) AC Circuits and Reactance LRC Series AC Circuit; Phasor Diagrams Resonance in AC Circuits Impedance Matching *Three-Phase AC Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Displacement Current Gauss's Law for Magnetism Maxwell's Equations Production of Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, Derived from Maxwell's Equations Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Measuring the Speed of Light Energy in EM Waves; the Poynting Vector Radiation Pressure Radio and Television; Wireless Communication Light: Reflection and Refraction The Ray Model of Light Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors Seeing Yourself in a Magnifying Mirror (Concave) Convex (Rearview) Mirrors Index of Refraction Refraction: Snell's Law The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion Total Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics *Refraction at a Spherical Surface Lenses and Optical Instruments Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing and Focal Length The Thin Lens Equation Combinations of Lenses Lensmaker's Equation Cameras: Film and Digital The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses Magnifying Glass Compound Microscope Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors The Wave Nature of Light: Interference and Polarization Waves vs. Particles; Huygens' Principle and Diffraction Huygens' Principle and the Law of Refraction Interference--?Young's Double-Slit Experiment Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern Interference in Thin Films Michelson Interferometer Polarization *Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) *Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere Lumens, Luminous Flux, and Luminous Intensity Efficiency of Lightbulbs Diffraction Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment Interference vs. Diffraction Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the ? Limit Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification Diffraction Grating The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy *Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction *X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan) *Specialty Microscopes and Contrast The Special Theory of Relativity Galilean-Newtonian Relativity The Michelson-Morley Experiment Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity Simultaneity Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox Length Contraction Four-Dimensional Space-Time Galilean and Lorentz Transformations Relativistic Momentum The Ultimate Speed E = mc²; Mass and Energy Doppler Shift for Light The Impact of Special Relativity Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Blackbody Radiation; Planck's Quantum Hypothesis Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon Compton Effect Photon Interactions; Pair Production Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity Wave Nature of Matter Electron Microscopes Early Models of the Atom Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom The Bohr Model de Broglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics-A New Theory The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Philosophic Implications; Probability Versus Determinism The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension-- Time-Independent Form *Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation Free Particles; Plane Waves and Wave Packets Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box) Finite Potential Well Tunneling through a Barrier Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Numbers Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions Multielectron Atoms; the Exclusion Principle Periodic Table of Elements X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number *Magnetic Dipole Moment; Total Angular Momentum Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lasers *Holography Molecules and Solids Bonding in Molecules Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules Weak (van der Waals) Bonds Molecular Spectra Bonding in Solids Free-Electron Theory of Metals; Fermi Energy Band Theory of Solids Semiconductors and Doping Semiconductor Diodes, LEDs, OLEDs Transistors: Bipolar and MOSFETs Integrated Circuits, 14-nm Technology Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity Structure and Properties of the Nucleus Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces Radioactivity Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Decay Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws Half-Life and Rate of Decay Decay Series Radioactive Dating Detection of Particles Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements Cross Section Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors Nuclear Fusion Passage of Radiation Through Matter; Biological Damage Measurement of Radiation Dosimetry *Radiation Therapy *Tracers in Research and Medicine *Emission Tomography: PET and SPECT *Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Elementary Particles High-Energy Particles and Accelerators Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics-Particle Exchange Particles and Antiparticles Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws Neutrinos Particle Classification Particle Stability and Resonances Strangeness? Charm? Towards a New Model Quarks The Standard Model: QCD and Electroweak Theory Grand Unified Theories Strings and Supersymmetry Astrophysics and Cosmology Stars and Galaxies Stellar Evolution: Birth and Death of Stars, Nucleosynthesis Distance Measurements General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space The Expanding Universe: Redshift and Hubble's Law The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background The Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the Universe Inflation: Explaining Flatness, Uniformity, and Structure Dark Matter and Dark Energy Large-Scale Structure of the Universe Gravitational Waves-LIGO Finally . . . Appendices A. Mathematical Formulas B. Derivatives and Integrals C. Numerical Integration D. More on Dimensional Analysis E. Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution F. Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations G. Selected Isotopes

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