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Contents

Preface xv Preface to the First Edition xvii List of Examples xxi Programs/Files on Accompanying CD xxvii 1 DSP Development System 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 DSK Support Tools 3 1.3 Code Composer Studio 6 1.4 Quick Tests of the DSK (On Power On and Using CCS) 7 1.5 Programming Examples to Test the DSK Tools 9 1.6 Support Files 30 1.7 Assignments 38 References 41 2 Input and Output with the DSK 45 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 TLV320AIC23 (AIC23) Onboard Stereo Codec for Input and Output 46 2.3 Programming Examples Using C Code 48 2.4 Assignments 101 References 101 3 Architecture and Instruction Set of the C6x Processor 102 3.1 Introduction 102 3.2 TMS320C6x Architecture 104 3.3 Functional Units 105 3.4 Fetch and Execute Packets 106 3.5 Pipelining 108 3.6 Registers 110 3.7 Linear and Circular Addressing Modes 110 3.8 TMS320C6x Instruction Set 112 3.9 Assembler Directives 115 3.10 Linear Assembly 116 3.11 ASM Statement Within C 117 3.12 C-Callable Assembly Function 117 3.13 Timers 118 3.14 Interrupts 118 3.15 Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports 121 3.16 Direct Memory Access 122 3.17 Memory Considerations 122 3.18 Fixed- and Floating-Point Format 124 3.19 Code Improvement 126 3.20 Constraints 128 3.21 Programming Examples Using C, Assembly, and Linear Assembly 130 3.22 Assignments 142 References 145 4 Finite Impulse Response Filters 146 4.1 Introduction to the z-Transform 146 4.1.1 Mapping from s-Plane to z-Plane 149 4.1.2 Difference Equations 150 4.2 Discrete Signals 151 4.3 FIR Filters 152 4.4 FIR Lattice Structure 154 4.5 FIR Implementation Using Fourier Series 158 4.6 Window Functions 162 4.7 Programming Examples Using C and ASM Code 165 4.8 Assignments 207 References 207 5 Infinite Impulse Response Filters 210 5.1 Introduction 210 5.2 IIR Filter Structures 211 5.3 Bilinear Transformation 217 5.4 Programming Examples Using C and ASM Code 220 5.5 Assignments 252 References 253 6 Fast Fourier Transform 255 6.1 Introduction 255 6.2 Development of the FFT Algorithm with Radix-2 256 6.3 Decimation-in-Frequency FFT Algorithm with Radix-2 257 6.4 Decimation-in-Time FFT Algorithm with Radix-2 263 6.5 Bit Reversal for Unscrambling 268 6.6 Development of the FFT Algorithm with Radix-4 269 6.7 Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 272 6.8 Programming Examples 273 References 318 7 Adaptive Filters 319 7.1 Introduction 319 7.2 Adaptive Structures 321 7.3 Adaptive Linear Combiner 324 7.4 Performance Function 327 7.5 Searching for the Minimum 329 7.6 Programming Examples for Noise Cancellation and System Identification 332 References 352 8 Code Optimization 354 8.1 Introduction 354 8.2 Optimization Steps 355 8.3 Procedure for Code Optimization 356 8.4 Programming Examples Using Code Optimization Techniques 356 8.5 Software Pipelining for Code Optimization 363 8.6 Execution Cycles for Different Optimization Schemes 372 References 373 9 DSP/BIOS and RTDX Using MATLAB, Visual C++, Visual Basic, and LabVIEW 374 9.1 Introduction to DSP/BIOS 374 9.2 RTDX Using MATLAB to Provide Interface Between PC and DSK 386 9.3 RTDX Using Visual C++ to Interface with DSK 400 9.4 RTDX Using Visual Basic to Provide Interface Between PC and DSK 411 9.5 RTDX Using LabVIEW to Provide Interface Between PC and DSK 415 Acknowledgments 421 References 421 10 DSP Applications and Student Projects 422 10.1 DTMF Signal Detection Using Correlation, FFT, and Goertzel Algorithm 422 10.2 Beat Detection Using Onboard LEDs 429 10.3 FIR with RTDX Using Visual C++ for Transfer of Filter Coefficients 434 10.4 Radix-4 FFT with RTDX Using Visual C++ and MATLAB for Plotting 435 10.5 Spectrum Display Through EMIF Using a Bank of 32 LEDs 438 10.6 Spectrum Display Through EMIF Using LCDs 440 10.7 Time-Frequency Analysis of Signals with Spectrogram 445 10.8 Audio Effects (Echo and Reverb, Harmonics, and Distortion) 451 10.9 Voice Detection and Reverse Playback 453 10.10 Phase Shift Keying-BPSK Encoding and Decoding with PLL 454 10.11 Binary Phase Shift Keying 468 10.12 Modulation Schemes-PAM and PSK 470 10.13 Selectable IIR Filter and Scrambling Scheme Using Onboard Switches 479 10.14 Convolutional Encoding and Viterbi Decoding 482 10.15 Speech Synthesis Using Linear Prediction of Speech Signals 493 10.16 Automatic Speaker Recognition 496 10.17 u-Law for Speech Companding 500 10.18 SB-ADPCM Encoder/Decoder: Implementation of G.722 Audio Coding 501 10.19 Encryption Using the Data Encryption Standard Algorithm 503 10.20 Phase-Locked Loop 506 10.21 Miscellaneous Projects 508 Acknowledgments 522 References 523 Appendix A TMS320C6x Instruction Set 528 A.1 Instructions for Fixed- and Floating-Point Operations 528 A.2 Instructions for Floating-Point Operations 528 References 528 Appendix B Registers for Circular Addressing and Interrupts 530 Reference 530 Appendix C Fixed-Point Considerations 533 C.1 Binary and Two's-Complement Representation 533 C.2 Fractional Fixed-Point Representation 536 C.3 Multiplication 536 Reference 539 Appendix D MATLAB and Goldwave Support Tools 540 D.1 fdatool for FIR Filter Design 540 D.2 fdatool for IIR Filter Design 542 D.3 MATLAB for FIR Filter Design Using the Student Version 544 D.4 MATLAB for IIR Filter Design Using the Student Version 546 D.5 Using the Goldwave Shareware Utility as a Virtual Instrument 548 References 549 Appendix E Fast Hartley Transform 550 References 556 Appendix F Goertzel Algorithm 557 F.1 Design Considerations 557 References 560 Appendix G TMS320C6416 DSK 561 G.1 TMS320C64x Processor 561 G.2 Programming Examples Using the C6416 DSK 562 References 566 Index 567

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