The Number One Guide to Chemical Engineering Principles, Techniques, Calculations, and Applications: Now Even More Current, Efficient, and Practical Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, Eighth Edition goes far beyond traditional introductory chemical engineering topics, presenting applications that reflect the full scope of contemporary chemical, petroleum, and environmental engineering. Celebrating its fiftieth Anniversary as the field's leading practical introduction, it has been extensively updated and reorganized to cover today's principles and calculations more efficiently, and to present far more coverage of bioengineering, nanoengineering, and green engineering. Offering a strong foundation of skills and knowledge for successful study and practice, it guides students through formulating and solving material and energy balance problems, as well as describing gases, liquids, and vapors. Throughout, the authors introduce efficient, consistent, student-friendly methods for solving problems, analyzing data, and gaining a conceptual, application-based understanding of modern chemical engineering processes. This edition's improvements include many new problems, examples, and homework assignments. Coverage includes • Modular chapters designed to support introductory chemical engineering courses of any length • Thorough introductions to unit conversions, basis selection, and process measurements • Consistent, sound strategies for solving material and energy balance problems • Clear introductions to key concepts ranging from stoichiometry to enthalpy • Behavior of gases, liquids, and solids: ideal/real gases, single component two-phase systems, gas-liquid systems, and more • Self-assessment questions to help readers identify areas they don't fully understand • Thought/discussion and homework problems in every chapter • New biotech and bioengineering problems throughout • New examples and homework on nanotechnology, environmental engineering, and green engineering • Extensive tables, charts, and glossaries in each chapte • Many new student projects • Reference appendices presenting atomic weights and numbers, Pitzer Z factors, heats of formation and combustion, and more Practical, readable, and exceptionally easy to use, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, Eighth Edition,is the definitive chemical engineering introduction for students, license candidates, practicing engineers, and scientists. This is the digital version of the print title. Access to the CD content that accompanies the print title is available through product registration. See the instructions in back pages of your digital edition. CD-ROM INCLUDES • The latest Polymath trial software for solving linear, nonlinear, and differential equations and regression problems • Point-and-click physical property database containing 700+ compounds • Supplemental Problems Workbook containing 100+ solved problems • Descriptions and animations of modern process equipment • Chapters on degrees of freedom, process simulation, and unsteady-state material balances • Expert advice for beginners on problem-solving in chemical engineering
Preface xiii Read Me xv Acknowledgements xix About the Authors xx PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1: What are Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering? 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 A Brief History of Chemical Engineering 4 1.3 Where Do Chemical and Bioengineers Work? 6 1.4 Future Contributions of Chemical and Bioengineering 7 1.5 Conclusion 10 Chapter 2: Introductory Concepts 11 2.1 Systems of Units 12 2.2 Conversion of Units 17 2.3 Dimensional Consistency 25 2.4 Significant Figures 29 2.5 Validation of Results 36 2.6 The Mole and Molecular Weight 37 2.7 Choosing a Basis 44 2.8 Density and Specific Gravity 49 2.9 Concentration 55 2.10 Temperature 59 2.11 Pressure and Hydrostatic Head 65 2.12 Flow Rate 78 Part II: Material Balances 99 Chapter 3: Material Balances 101 3.1 Introduction to Material Balances 102 3.2 A General Strategy for Solving Material Balance Problems 123 Chapter 4: Material Balances without Reaction 159 Chapter 5: Material Balances Involving Reactions 189 5.1 Stoichiometry 190 5.2 Terminology for Reaction Systems 198 5.3 Species Mole Balances 210 5.4 Element Material Balances 226 5.5 Material Balances for Combustion Systems 233 Chapter 6: Material Balances for Multi-Unit Systems 267 6.1 Primary Concepts 268 6.2 Sequential Multi-Unit Systems 271 6.3 Recycle Systems 290 6.4 Bypass and Purge 306 6.5 The Industrial Application of Material Balances 314 Part III: Gases, Vapors, and Liquids 347 Chapter 7: Ideal and Real Gases 349 7.1 Ideal Gases 350 7.2 Real Gases: Equations of State 366 7.3 Real Gases: Compressibility Charts 377 7.4 Real Gas Mixtures 384 Chapter 8: Multiphase Equilibrium 411 8.1 Introduction 411 8.2 Phase Diagrams and the Phase Rule 413 8.3 Single Component Two-Phase Systems (Vapor Pressure) 425 8.4 Two-Component Gas/Single-Component Liquid Systems 436 8.5 Two Component Gas/Two Component Liquid Systems 455 8.6 Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium 466 Part IV: Energy 487 Chapter 9: Energy Balances 489 9.1 Terminology Associated with Energy Balances 491 9.2 Types of Energy to Be Included in Energy Balances 496 9.3 Energy Balances without Reaction 530 Chapter 10: Energy Balances: How to Account for Chemical Reaction 597 10.1 The Standard Heat (Enthalpy) of Formation 598 10.2 The Heat (Enthalpy) of Reaction 603 10.3 Integration of Heat of Formation and Sensible Heat 614 10.4 The Heat (Enthalpy) of Combustion 635 CHAPTER 11: Humidity (Psychrometric) Charts and Their Use 653 11.1 Terminology 654 11.2 The Humidity (Psychrometric) Chart 657 11.3 Applications of the Humidity Chart 666 Part V: Supplementary Material 681 Chapter 12: Analysis Of The Degrees Of Freedom in a Steady-State Process 683 Chapter 13: Heats of Solution and Mixing 708 Chapter 14: The Mechanical Energy Balance 728 Chapter 15: Liquids and Gases in Equilibrium with Solids 756 Chapter 16: Solving Material and Energy Balances UsingProcess Simulators (Flowsheeting Codes) 768 Chapter 17: Unsteady-State Material And Energy Balances 800 Appendixes 827 Appendix A: Answers to Supplemental Questions and Problems 829 Appendix B: Atomic Weights and Numbers 844 Appendix C: Table of the Pitzer Z0 and Z1 Factors 845 Appendix D: Heats of Formation and Combustion 850 Appendix E: Answers to Selected Problems 854 Appendix F: Physical Properties Of Various Organic And Inorganic Substances 861 Appendix G: Heat Capacity Equations 873 Appendix H: Vapor Pressures 877 Appendix I: Heats of Solution and Dilution 878 Appendix J: Enthalpy-Concentration Data 879 Appendix K: Thermodynamic Charts 886 Appendix L: Physical Properties of Petroleum Fractions 893 Appendix M: Solution of Sets of Equations 902 Appendix N: Fitting Functions to Data 924 Index 928
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