Human Behavior in Hazardous Situations introduces a new generation within safety management, fully developed with neuropsychological insights, developed in collaboration with, and put to test by, the chemical and process industries. Until now, there has been little theoretical framework on how, and especially why, people behave the way they do in hazardous situations.Human Behavior in Hazardous Situations presents new theories, based on a human behavioral approach, to offer a fresh perspective on safety management. By way of case studies, practical tips and exercises, Dr Jan Daalmans demonstrates how this neuropsychological approach can be applied for those safety managers working in the Chemical, Process and Pharmaceutical industries.
Dedication
General Introduction to This Book
Approach and Main Questions
Perspective on Human Behavior
The Structure of This Book
Part 1. Safety in Perspective
Chapter 1. Evolution of Safety Management
1.1 Safety Management Level 1
1.2 Safety Management Level 2
1.3 Safety Management Level 3
1.4 Safety Management Level 4
1.5 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Chapter 2. Evolution of Brain and Risk
2.1 Stage 1, from 300 Million to 200 Million Years Ago-The Development of the Basic Brain
2.2 Stage 2, from 200 Million to 2.5 Million Years Ago-The Development of the Emotional Brain
2.3 Stage 3, from 2.5 Million to 10 Thousand Years Ago-The Development of the Modern Brain
2.4 Stage 4, from 10 Thousand to 200 Years Ago-The Development of Risk Tolerance
2.5 Stage 5, the Last 200 Years-The Sudden Increase of New Dangers
2.6 Conscious and Nonconscious
2.7 Combining the Topic of Consciousness and the Three Parts of the Brain
2.8 Where in the Brain?
2.9 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Part 2. Risk and Safety in a Neuropsychological Perspective
Chapter 3. Risk Sensitivity: The Perception of Risks
3.1 Creating Risk Sensitivity
3.2 Reducing Risk Sensitivity
3.3 The Combined Effect of Newness and Sensitivity
3.4 Where in the Brain?
3.5 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Chapter 4. Risk Understanding: Knowing Risks
4.1 Enhancing Risk Understanding
4.2 The Development of Risk Understanding
4.3 Combining Newness, Sensitivity, and Awareness
4.4 Where in the Brain?
4.5 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Chapter 5. Safety Intuition: The Nonconscious Guide to Safety
5.1 Why Safety Always Needs Effort: Unbalances in the Feedback System of Safety Behavior
5.2 Gut Feeling, the Nonconscious Guide
5.3 The Role of Smell in the Danger System
5.4 Ambivalence toward Safety Costs and the Avoidance of Unsafe Situations
5.5 The Perception of Reasonable Costs
5.6 Unrealistic Optimism: Denying the Risk Probability
5.7 Intuition: Traces of the Nonconscious in the Conscious
5.8 Where in the Brain?
5.9 Summary
Tips to Transfer
Chapter 6. Safety Awareness: The Conscious Guide to Safety
6.1 Awareness and Alertness
6.2 The Relationship Between Brain Frequency, Stress, and Alertness
6.3 Where in the Brain and the Body?
6.4 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Part 3. Influencing Safety Behavior
Behavior
The Role of Consciousness in Behavior
Changing Behavior: How the Conscious and Nonconscious Systems Work Together
Where in the Brain?
Tips for Transfer
Chapter 7. Influencing Safety Behavior via An Individual Approach
7.1 What is a Safety Buddy?
7.2 Who Can Play the Role of Safety Buddy?
7.3 What Competences are Required for a Safety Buddy?
7.4 What are the Activities of a Safety Buddy?
7.5 The Safety Buddy and his Influence on Self-Image
Tips for Transfer
Chapter 8. Influencing Safety Behavior via a Team Approach
8.1 What Makes a Group of People a Team or a Family?
8.2 How Does Mirroring Work?
8.3 Mirroring and Team Culture
8.4 Mirror Systems and Behavioral Change
8.5 The Scope of Mirroring
8.6 Who Can Play the Role of a Challenger?
8.7 Where in the Brain?
8.8 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Chapter 9. Influencing Safety Behavior via An Organizational Approach
9.1 The Role of Management
9.2 Management as a Model
9.3 Managing Stress
9.4 Managing the Readiness to Take Risks
9.5 Managing an Enhancing Safety Atmosphere
9.6 Managing Rules and Regulations within an Organization
9.7 Corporate Safety Programs Based on Priming
9.8 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Part 4. Organizational Safety Management
Chapter 10. How to Manage Safety in an Organization
10.1 Monitoring Safety
10.2 Regression Effects
10.3 HR and Safety: Rewarding Safety Behavior?
10.4 Summary
Tips for Transfer
Safety Philosophy
Bibliography
Index
