For undergraduate introductory or survey courses in electrical engineering A clear introduction to electrical engineering fundamentals Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 6e helps students learn electrical-engineering fundamentals with minimal frustration. Its goals are to present basic concepts in a general setting, to show students how the principles of electrical engineering apply to specific problems in their own fields, and to enhance the overall learning process. Circuit analysis, digital systems, electronics, and electromechanics are covered. A wide variety of pedagogical features stimulate student interest and engender awareness of the material's relevance to their chosen profession. NEW: This edition is now available with MasteringEngineering, an innovative online program created to emulate the instructor's office-hour environment, guiding students through engineering concepts from Electrical Engineering with self-paced individualized coaching. Note: If you are purchasing the standalone text or electronic version, MasteringEngineering does not come automatically packaged with the text. To purchase MasteringEngineering, please visit: masteringengineering.com or you can purchase a package of the physical text + MasteringEngineering by searching the Pearson Higher Education website. Mastering is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Teaching and Learning ExperienceTo provide a better teaching and learning experience, for both instructors and students, this program will: • Individualized Coaching: Now available with MasteringEngineering, an online program that emulates the instructor's office-hour environment using self-paced individualized coaching. • Engage Students: Basic concepts are presented in a general setting to show students how the principles of electrical engineering apply to specific problems in their own fields, and to enhance the overall learning process. • Support Instructors and Students: A variety of pedagogical features stimulate student interest and engender awareness of the material's relevance to their chosen profession.
Practical Applications of Electrical Engineering Principles vi Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview of Electrical Engineering 2 1.2 Circuits, Currents, and Voltages 6 1.3 Power and Energy 13 1.4 Kirchhoff's Current Law 16 1.5 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 19 1.6 Introduction to Circuit Elements 22 1.7 Introduction to Circuits 30 Summary 34 Problems 35 2 Resistive Circuits 46 2.1 Resistances in Series and Parallel 47 2.2 Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents 51 2.3 Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider Circuits 55 2.4 Node-Voltage Analysis 60 2.5 Mesh-Current Analysis 79 2.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 88 2.7 Superposition Principle 101 2.8 Wheatstone Bridge 104 Summary 107 Problems 109 3 Inductance and Capacitance 124 3.1 Capacitance 125 3.2 Capacitances in Series and Parallel 132 3.3 Physical Characteristics of Capacitors 134 3.4 Inductance 138 3.5 Inductances in Series and Parallel 143 3.6 Practical Inductors 144 3.7 Mutual Inductance 147 3.8 Symbolic Integration and Differentiation Using MATLAB 148 Summary 152 Problems 153 4 Transients 162 4.1 First-Order RC Circuits 163 4.2 DC Steady State 167 4.3 RL Circuits 169 4.4 RC and RL Circuits with General Sources 173 4.5 Second-Order Circuits 179 4.6 Transient Analysis Using the MATLAB Symbolic Toolbox 192 Summary 197 Problems 198 5 Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis 209 5.1 Sinusoidal Currents and Voltages 210 5.2 Phasors 216 5.3 Complex Impedances 222 5.4 Circuit Analysis with Phasors and Complex Impedances 225 5.5 Power inAC Circuits 231 5.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 244 5.7 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 249 5.8 AC Analysis Using MATLAB 261 Summary 265 Problems 266 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance 278 6.1 Fourier Analysis, Filters, and Transfer Functions 279 6.2 First-Order Lowpass Filters 287 6.3 Decibels, the Cascade Connection, and Logarithmic Frequency Scales 292 6.4 Bode Plots 296 6.5 First-Order Highpass Filters 299 6.6 Series Resonance 303 6.7 Parallel Resonance 308 6.8 Ideal and Second-Order Filters 311 6.9 Transfer Functions and Bode Plots with MATLAB 317 6.10 Digital Signal Processing 322 Summary 331 Problems 333 7 Logic Circuits 347 7.1 Basic Logic Circuit Concepts 348 7.2 Representation of Numerical Data in Binary Form 351 7.3 Combinatorial Logic Circuits 359 7.4 Synthesis of Logic Circuits 366 7.5 Minimization of Logic Circuits 373 7.6 Sequential Logic Circuits 377 Summary 388 Problems 389 8 Computers and Microcontrollers 400 8.1 Computer Organization 401 8.2 Memory Types 404 8.3 Digital Process Control 406 8.4 ProgrammingModelfor the HCS12/9S12 Family 409 8.5 The Instruction Set and Addressing Modes for the CPU12 413 8.6 Assembly-Language Programming 422 Summary 427 Problems 428 9 Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems 433 9.1 Measurement Concepts and Sensors 434 9.2 Signal Conditioning 439 9.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 446 9.4 LabVIEW 449 Summary 462 Problems 463 10 Diodes 467 10.1 Basic Diode Concepts 468 10.2 Load-Line Analysis of Diode Circuits 471 10.3 Zener-Diode Voltage-Regulator Circuits 474 10.4 Ideal-Diode Model 478 10.5 Piecewise-Linear Diode Models 480 10.6 Rectifier Circuits 483 10.7 Wave-Shaping Circuits 488 10.8 Linear Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 493 Summary 499 Problems 499 11 Amplifiers: Specifications and External Characteristics 511 11.1 Basic Amplifier Concepts 512 11.2 Cascaded Amplifiers 517 11.3 Power Supplies and Efficiency 520 11.4 Additional Amplifier Models 523 11.5 Importance of Amplifier Impedances in Various Applications 526 11.6 Ideal Amplifiers 529 11.7 Frequency Response 530 11.8 LinearWaveform Distortion 535 11.9 Pulse Response 539 11.10 Transfer Characteristic and Nonlinear Distortion 542 11.11 Differential Amplifiers 544 11.12 Offset Voltage, Bias Current, and Offset Current 548 Summary 553 Problems 554 12 Field-Effect Transistors 566 12.1 NMOS and PMOS Transistors 567 12.2 Load-Line Analysis of a Simple NMOS Amplifier 574 12.3 Bias Circuits 577 12.4 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 580 12.5 Common-Source Amplifiers 585 12.6 Source Followers 588 12.7 CMOS Logic Gates 593 Summary 598 Problems 599 13 Bipolar Junction Transistors 607 13.1 Current and Voltage Relationships 608 13.2 Common-Emitter Characteristics 611 13.3 Load-Line Analysis of a Common-Emitter Amplifier 612 13.4 pnp Bipolar Junction Transistors 618 13.5 Large-Signal DC Circuit Models 620 13.6 Large-Signal DC Analysis of BJT Circuits 623 13.7 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 630 13.8 Common-Emitter Amplifiers 633 13.9 Emitter Followers 638 Summary 644 Problems 645 14 Operational Amplifiers 655 14.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 656 14.2 Inverting Amplifiers 657 14.3 Noninverting Amplifiers 664 14.4 Design of Simple Amplifiers 667 14.5 Op-Amp Imperfections in the Linear Range of Operation 672 14.6 Nonlinear Limitations 676 14.7 DC Imperfections 681 14.8 Differential and Instrumentation Amplifiers 685 14.9 Integrators and Differentiators 687 14.10 Active Filters 690 Summary 694 Problems 695 15 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 708 15.1 Magnetic Fields 709 15.2 Magnetic Circuits 718 15.3 Inductance and Mutual Inductance 723 15.4 Magnetic Materials 727 15.5 Ideal Transformers 731 15.6 Real Transformers 738 Summary 743 Problems 743 16 DC Machines 754 16.1 Overview of Motors 755 16.2 Principles of DC Machines 764 16.3 Rotating DC Machines 769 16.4 Shunt-Connected and Separately Excited DC Motors 775 16.5 Series-Connected DC Motors 780 16.6 Speed Control of DC Motors 784 16.7 DC Generators 788 Summary 793 Problems 794 17 AC Machines 803 17.1 Three-Phase Induction Motors 804 17.2 Equivalent-Circuit and Performance Calculations for Induction Motors 812 17.3 Synchronous Machines 821 17.4 Single-Phase Motors 833 17.5 Stepper Motors and Brushless DC Motors 836 Summary 838 Problems 839 APPENDICES A Complex Numbers 845 Summary 852 Problems 852 B Nominal Values and the Color Code for Resistors 854 C The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 856 D Answers for the Practice Tests 860 E On-Line Student Resources 868
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