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Contents

Introduction xxvi Part I Fundamentals of Network Security Chapter 1 Networking Security Concepts 3 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 3 Foundation Topics 6 Understanding Network and Information Security Basics 6 Network Security Objectives 6 Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability 6 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Security 7 Classifying Assets 8 Classifying Vulnerabilities 10 Classifying Countermeasures 10 What Do We Do with the Risk? 11 Recognizing Current Network Threats 12 Potential Attackers 12 Attack Methods 13 Attack Vectors 14 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks 14 Other Miscellaneous Attack Methods 15 Applying Fundamental Security Principles to Network Design 16 Guidelines 16 Network Topologies 17 Network Security for a Virtual Environment 20 How It All Fits Together 22 Exam Preparation Tasks 23 Review All the Key Topics 23 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 23 Define Key Terms 23 Chapter 2 Common Security Threats 25 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 25 Foundation Topics 27 Network Security Threat Landscape 27 Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks 27 Social Engineering Methods 28 Social Engineering Tactics 29 Defenses Against Social Engineering 29 Malware Identification Tools 30 Methods Available for Malware Identification 30 Data Loss and Exfiltration Methods 31 Summary 32 Exam Preparation Tasks 33 Review All the Key Topics 33 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 33 Define Key Terms 33 Part II Secure Access Chapter 3 Implementing AAA in Cisco IOS 35 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 35 Foundation Topics 38 Cisco Secure ACS, RADIUS, and TACACS 38 Why Use Cisco ACS? 38 On What Platform Does ACS Run? 38 What Is ISE? 39 Protocols Used Between the ACS and the Router 39 Protocol Choices Between the ACS Server and the Client (the Router) 40 Configuring Routers to Interoperate with an ACS Server 41 Configuring the ACS Server to Interoperate with a Router 51 Verifying and Troubleshooting Router-to-ACS Server Interactions 60 Exam Preparation Tasks 67 Review All the Key Topics 67 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 67 Define Key Terms 67 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 67 Chapter 4 Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) 71 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 71 Foundation Topics 73 Bring Your Own Device Fundamentals 73 BYOD Architecture Framework 74 BYOD Solution Components 74 Mobile Device Management 76 MDM Deployment Options 76 On-Premise MDM Deployment 77 Cloud-Based MDM Deployment 78 Exam Preparation Tasks 80 Review All the Key Topics 80 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 80 Define Key Terms 80 Part III Virtual Private Networks (VPN) Chapter 5 Fundamentals of VPN Technology and Cryptography 83 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 83 Foundation Topics 87 Understanding VPNs and Why We Use Them 87 What Is a VPN? 87 Types of VPNs 88 Two Main Types of VPNs 88 Main Benefits of VPNs 89 Confidentiality 89 Data Integrity 90 Authentication 90 Antireplay Protection 90 Cryptography Basic Components 91 Ciphers and Keys 91 Ciphers 91 Keys 92 Block and Stream Ciphers 92 Block Ciphers 92 Stream Ciphers 92 Symmetric and Asymmetric Algorithms 92 Symmetric 93 Asymmetric 93 Hashes 94 Hashed Message Authentication Code 95 Digital Signatures 95 Digital Signatures in Action 95 Key Management 96 Next-Generation Encryption Protocols 97 IPsec and SSL 97 IPsec 97 SSL 98 Public Key Infrastructure 99 Public and Private Key Pairs 99 RSA Algorithm, the Keys, and Digital Certificates 99 Who Has Keys and a Digital Certificate? 100 How Two Parties Exchange Public Keys 100 Creating a Digital Signature 100 Certificate Authorities 100 Root and Identity Certificates 101 Root Certificate 101 Identity Certificate 102 Using the Digital Certificates to Get the Peer's Public Key 103 X.500 and X.509v3 Certificates 103 Authenticating and Enrolling with the CA 104 Public Key Cryptography Standards 105 Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol 105 Revoked Certificates 105 Uses for Digital Certificates 106 PKI Topologies 106 Single Root CA 107 Hierarchical CA with Subordinate CAs 107 Cross-Certifying CAs 107 Putting the Pieces of PKI to Work 107 ASA's Default Certificate 108 Viewing the Certificates in ASDM 108 Adding a New Root Certificate 109 Easier Method for Installing Both Root and Identity Certificates 111 Exam Preparation Tasks 116 Review All the Key Topics 116 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 117 Define Key Terms 117 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 117 Chapter 6 Fundamentals of IP Security 119 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 119 Foundation Topics 122 IPsec Concepts, Components, and Operations 122 The Goal of IPsec 122 The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Protocol 123 The Play by Play for IPsec 124 Step 1: Negotiate the IKEv1 Phase 1 Tunnel 124 Step 2: Run the DH Key Exchange 125 Step 3: Authenticate the Peer 126 What About the User's Original Packet? 126 Leveraging What They Have Already Built 126 Now IPsec Can Protect the User's Packets 127 Traffic Before IPsec 127 Traffic After IPsec 127 Summary of the IPsec Story 128 Configuring and Verifying IPsec 129 Tools to Configure the Tunnels 129 Start with a Plan 129 Applying the Configuration 129 Viewing the CLI Equivalent at the Router 137 Completing and Verifying IPsec 139 Exam Preparation Tasks 146 Review All the Key Topics 146 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 146 Define Key Terms 146 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 147 Chapter 7 Implementing IPsec Site-to-Site VPNs 149 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 149 Foundation Topics 152 Planning and Preparing an IPsec Site-to-Site VPN 152 Customer Needs 152 Planning IKEv1 Phase 1 154 Planning IKEv1 Phase 2 154 Implementing and Verifying an IPsec Site-to-Site VPN in Cisco IOS Devices 155 Troubleshooting IPsec Site-to-Site VPNs in Cisco IOS 164 Implementing and Verifying an IPsec Site-to-Site VPN in Cisco ASA 179 Troubleshooting IPsec Site-to-Site VPNs in Cisco ASA 193 Exam Preparation Tasks 199 Review All the Key Topics 199 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 199 Define Key Terms 199 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 199 Chapter 8 Implementing SSL VPNs Using Cisco ASA 203 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 203 Foundation Topics 206 Functions and Use of SSL for VPNs 206 Is IPsec Out of the Picture? 206 SSL and TLS Protocol Framework 207 The Play by Play of SSL for VPNs 207 SSL VPN Flavors 208 Configuring Clientless SSL VPNs on ASA 209 Using the SSL VPN Wizard 209 Digital Certificates 211 Accessing the Connection Profile 211 Authenticating Users 211 Logging In 215 Seeing the VPN Activity from the Server 217 Using the Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 217 Types of SSL VPNs 218 Configuring the Cisco ASA to Terminate the Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client Connections 218 Groups, Connection Profiles, and Defaults 225 One Item with Three Different Names 226 Split Tunneling 227 Troubleshooting SSL VPN 228 Troubleshooting SSL Negotiations 228 Troubleshooting AnyConnect Client Issues 228 Initial Connectivity Issues 228 Traffic-Specific Issues 230 Exam Preparation Tasks 231 Review All the Key Topics 231 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 231 Define Key Terms 231 Part IV Secure Routing and Switching Chapter 9 Securing Layer 2 Technologies 233 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 233 Foundation Topics 236 VLAN and Trunking Fundamentals 236 What Is a VLAN? 236 Trunking with 802.1Q 238 Following the Frame, Step by Step 239 The Native VLAN on a Trunk 239 So, What Do You Want to Be? (Asks the Port) 239 Inter-VLAN Routing 240 The Challenge of Using Physical Interfaces Only 240 Using Virtual "Sub" Interfaces 240 Spanning-Tree Fundamentals 241 Loops in Networks Are Usually Bad 241 The Life of a Loop 241 The Solution to the Layer 2 Loop 242 STP Is Wary of New Ports 245 Improving the Time Until Forwarding 245 Common Layer 2 Threats and How to Mitigate Them 246 Disrupt the Bottom of the Wall, and the Top Is Disrupted, Too 246 Layer 2 Best Practices 246 Do Not Allow Negotiations 247 Layer 2 Security Toolkit 248 Specific Layer 2 Mitigation for CCNA Security 248 BPDU Guard 248 Root Guard 249 Port Security 250 CDP and LLDP 251 DHCP Snooping 253 Dynamic ARP Inspection 254 Exam Preparation Tasks 257 Review All the Key Topics 257 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 258 Review the Port Security Video Included with This Book 258 Define Key Terms 258 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 258 Chapter 10 Network Foundation Protection 261 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 261 Foundation Topics 264 Using Network Foundation Protection to Secure Networks 264 The Importance of the Network Infrastructure 264 The Network Foundation Protection Framework 264 Interdependence 265 Implementing NFP 265 Understanding the Management Plane 266 First Things First 266 Best Practices for Securing the Management Plane 267 Understanding the Control Plane 268 Best Practices for Securing the Control Plane 268 Understanding the Data Plane 270 Best Practices for Protecting the Data Plane 271 Additional Data Plane Protection Mechanisms 271 Exam Preparation Tasks 272 Review All the Key Topics 272 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 272 Define Key Terms 272 Chapter 11 Securing the Management Plane on Cisco IOS Devices 275 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 275 Foundation Topics 278 Securing Management Traffic 278 What Is Management Traffic and the Management Plane? 278 Beyond the Blue Rollover Cable 278 Management Plane Best Practices 278 Password Recommendations 281 Using AAA to Verify Users 281 AAA Components 282 Options for Storing Usernames, Passwords, and Access Rules 282 Authorizing VPN Users 283 Router Access Authentication 284 The AAA Method List 285 Role-Based Access Control 286 Custom Privilege Levels 287 Limiting the Administrator by Assigning a View 287 Encrypted Management Protocols 287 Using Logging Files 288 Understanding NTP 289 Protecting Cisco IOS Files 289 Implementing Security Measures to Protect the Management Plane 290 Implementing Strong Passwords 290 User Authentication with AAA 292 Using the CLI to Troubleshoot AAA for Cisco Routers 296 RBAC Privilege Level/Parser View 301 Implementing Parser Views 303 SSH and HTTPS 305 Implementing Logging Features 308 Configuring Syslog Support 308 SNMP Features 310 Configuring NTP 313 Secure Copy Protocol 315 Securing the Cisco IOS Image and Configuration Files 315 Exam Preparation Tasks 317 Review All the Key Topics 317 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 318 Define Key Terms 318 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 318 Chapter 12 Securing the Data Plane in IPv6 321 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 321 Foundation Topics 324 Understanding and Configuring IPv6 324 Why IPv6? 324 The Format of an IPv6 Address 325 Understanding the Shortcuts 327 Did We Get an Extra Address? 327 IPv6 Address Types 327 Configuring IPv6 Routing 330 Moving to IPv6 331 Developing a Security Plan for IPv6 332 Best Practices Common to Both IPv4 and IPv6 332 Threats Common to Both IPv4 and IPv6 333 The Focus on IPv6 Security 334 New Potential Risks with IPv6 334 IPv6 Best Practices 336 IPv6 Access Control Lists 337 Exam Preparation Tasks 338 Review All the Key Topics 338 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 338 Define Key Terms 338 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 338 Chapter 13 Securing Routing Protocols and the Control Plane 341 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 341 Foundation Topics 344 Securing the Control Plane 344 Minimizing the Impact of Control Plane Traffic on the CPU 344 Control Plane Policing 346 Control Plane Protection 348 Securing Routing Protocols 348 Implement Routing Update Authentication on OSPF 348 Implement Routing Update Authentication on EIGRP 349 Implement Routing Update Authentication on RIP 350 Implement Routing Update Authentication on BGP 351 Exam Preparation Tasks 353 Review All the Key Topics 353 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 353 Define Key Terms 353 Part V Cisco Firewall Technologies and Intrusion Prevention System Technologies Chapter 14 Understanding Firewall Fundamentals 355 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 355 Foundation Topics 358 Firewall Concepts and Technologies 358 Firewall Technologies 358 Objectives of a Good Firewall 358 Firewall Justifications 359 The Defense-in-Depth Approach 360 Firewall Methodologies 361 Static Packet Filtering 362 Application Layer Gateway 363 Stateful Packet Filtering 363 Application Inspection 364 Transparent Firewalls 365 Next-Generation Firewalls 365 Using Network Address Translation 366 NAT Is About Hiding or Changing the Truth About Source Addresses 366 Inside, Outside, Local, Global 367 Port Address Translation 368 NAT Options 369 Creating and Deploying Firewalls 370 Firewall Technologies 370 Firewall Design Considerations 370 Firewall Access Rules 371 Packet-Filtering Access Rule Structure 372 Firewall Rule Design Guidelines 372 Rule Implementation Consistency 373 Exam Preparation Tasks 375 Review All the Key Topics 375 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 375 Define Key Terms 375 Chapter 15 Implementing Cisco IOS Zone-Based Firewalls 377 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 377 Foundation Topics 379 Cisco IOS Zone-Based Firewalls 379 How Zone-Based Firewall Operates 379 Specific Features of Zone-Based Firewalls 379 Zones and Why We Need Pairs of Them 380 Putting the Pieces Together 381 Service Policies 382 The Self Zone 384 Configuring and Verifying Cisco IOS Zone-Based Firewalls 385 First Things First 385 Using CCP to Configure the Firewall 386 Verifying the Firewall 399 Verifying the Configuration from the Command Line 400 Implementing NAT in Addition to ZBF 404 Verifying Whether NAT Is Working 407 Exam Preparation Tasks 409 Review All the Key Topics 409 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 409 Define Key Terms 409 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 409 Chapter 16 Configuring Basic Firewall Policies on Cisco ASA 413 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 413 Foundation Topics 416 The ASA Appliance Family and Features 416 Meet the ASA Family 416 ASA Features and Services 417 ASA Firewall Fundamentals 419 ASA Security Levels 419 The Default Flow of Traffic 420 Tools to Manage the ASA 422 Initial Access 422 Packet Filtering on the ASA 422 Implementing a Packet-Filtering ACL 423 Modular Policy Framework 424 Where to Apply a Policy 425 Configuring the ASA 425 Beginning the Configuration 425 Getting to the ASDM GUI 433 Configuring the Interfaces 435 IP Addresses for Clients 443 Basic Routing to the Internet 444 NAT and PAT 445 Permitting Additional Access Through the Firewall 447 Using Packet Tracer to Verify Which Packets Are Allowed 449 Verifying the Policy of No Telnet 453 Exam Preparation Tasks 454 Review All the Key Topics 454 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 454 Define Key Terms 454

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