Cesare Lombroso is widely considered the founder of criminology. His theory of the "born" criminal dominated European and American thinking about the causes of criminal behavior during the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth. This volume offers English-language readers the first critical, scholarly translation of Lombroso's Criminal Man, one of the most famous criminological treatises ever written. The text laid the groundwork for subsequent biological theories of crime, including contemporary genetic explanations.Originally published in 1876, Criminal Man went through five editions during Lombroso's lifetime. In each edition Lombroso expanded on his ideas about innate criminality and refined his method for categorizing criminal behavior. In this new translation, Mary Gibson and Nicole Hahn Rafter bring together for the first time excerpts from all five editions in order to represent the development of Lombroso's thought and his positivistic approach to understanding criminal behavior.
In Criminal Man, Lombroso used modern Darwinian evolutionary theories to "prove" the inferiority of criminals to "honest" people, of women to men, and of blacks to whites, thereby reinforcing the prevailing politics of sexual and racial hierarchy. He was particularly interested in the physical attributes of criminals-the size of their skulls, the shape of their noses-but he also studied the criminals' various forms of self-expression, such as letters, graffiti, drawings, and tattoos. This volume includes more than forty of Lombroso's illustrations of the criminal body along with several photographs of his personal collection. Designed to be useful for scholars and to introduce students to Lombroso's thought, the volume also includes an extensive introduction, notes, appendices, a glossary, and an index.
List of Tables xiii
List of Illustrations xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Editors' Introduction 1
Edition 1 (1876)
Editors' Foreword 39
Author's Preface 43
1 Criminal Craniums (Sixty-six Skulls) 45
2 Anthropometry and Physiognomy of 832 Criminals 50
3 Tattoos 58
4 Emotions of Criminals 63
5 Criminals and Religion 70
6 Intelligence and Education of Criminals 72
7 Jargon 77
8 Criminal Literature 79
9 Insanity and Crime 81
10 Organized Crime 85
11 Atavism and Punishment 91
Edition 2 (1878)
Editors' Foreword 97
Author's Preface 99
12 Suicide among Criminals 101
13 Criminals of Passion 105
14 Recidivism, Morality, and Remorse 108
15 Handwriting of Criminals 111
16 Etiology of Crime: Weather and Race 114
17 Etiology of Crime: Civilization, Alcohol, and Heredity 120
18 Etiology of Crime: Age, Sex, Moral Education, Genitals, and Imitation 127
19 Prevention of Crime 135
20 Penal Policy 141
Appendix 1 Giovanni Cavaglia 149
Appendix 2 A Medical Examination of Parricide and Insanity 154
Edition 3 (1884)
Editors' Foreword 161
Author's Preface 163
21 Crime and Inferior Organisms 167
22 Crime and Prostitution among Savages 175
23 Origins of Punishment 183
24 Moral Insanity and Crime among Children 188
25 Anomalies of the Brain and Internal Organs 198
26 Photographs of Born Criminals 202
27 Sensitivity and Blushing in Criminals 206
28 Moral Insanity and Born Criminality 212
29 Summary of Edition 3 221
Edition 4 (1889)
Editors' Foreword 227
Author's Preface 229
30 Metabolism, Menstruation, and Fertility 237
31 Criminal Communication 239
32 Art and industry among Criminals 244
33 The Epileptic Criminal 247
34 Epileptics and Born Criminals 253
35 Physiology and Etiology of Epilepsy 260
36 The Insane Criminal 267
37 Biology and Psychology of Insane Criminals 271
38 The Alcoholic Criminal 277
39 The Hysterical Criminal 281
40 The Mattoid 284
41 The Occasional Criminal 288
42 Edition 5 (1896-97)
Editors' Foreword 299
42 Criminal Craniums (689 Skulls) 301
43 Anthropometry and Physiognomy of 6,608 Criminals 306
44 Political Criminals 313
45 Etiology of Crime: Urban Density, Alcoholism, Wealth, and Religion 316
46 Etiology of Crime: Heredity, Sex, and Politics 325
47 Prevention of Crime 331
48 Synthesis and Penal Applications 338
Appendix 1 Comparison of the Five Italian Editions 357
Appendix 2 Illustrations in the Five Italian Editions 364
Notes 371
Glossary 401
References 411
Index 417
