Networks of Outrage and Hope is an exploration of the new forms of social movements and protests that are erupting in the world today, from the Arab uprisings to the indignadas movement in Spain, from the Occupy Wall Street movement to the social protests in Turkey, Brazil and elsewhere. While these and similar social movements differ in many important ways, there is one thing they share in common: they are all interwoven inextricably with the creation of autonomous communication networks supported by the Internet and wireless communication.
In this new edition of his timely and important book, Manuel Castells examines the social, cultural and political roots of these new social movements, studies their innovative forms of self-organization, assesses the precise role of technology in the dynamics of the movements, suggests the reasons for the support they have found in large segments of society, and probes their capacity to induce political change by influencing people's minds. Two new chapters bring the analysis up-to-date and draw out the implications of these social movements and protests for understanding the new forms of social change and political democracy in the global network society.
Preface 2015 ix
Acknowledgments 2012 xiv
Opening: Networking Minds, Creating Meaning, Contesting Power 1
Prelude to Revolution: Where it All Started 20
Tunisia: "The Revolution of Liberty and Dignity" 22
Iceland's Kitchenware Revolution: From financial collapse to crowdsourcing a new (failed) constitution 31
Southern wind, northern wind: Cross-cultural levers of social change 45
The Egyptian Revolution 54
Space of flows and space of places in the Egyptian Revolution 57
State's response to an Internet-facilitated revolution: The great disconnection 62
Who were the protesters, and what was the protest? 67
Women in revolution 71
The Islamic question 74
"The revolution will continue" 77
Understanding the Egyptian Revolution 79
Dignity, Violence, Geopolitics: The Arab Uprising and Its Demise 95
Violence and the state 99
A digital revolution? 105
Post-Scriptum 2014 109
A Rhizomatic Revolution: Indignadas in Spain 113
A self-mediated movement 119
What did/do the indignadas want? 125
The discourse of the movement 128
Reinventing democracy in practice: An assemblyled, leaderless movement 131
From deliberation to action: The question of violence 136
A political movement against the political system 139
A rhizomatic revolution 143
Occupy Wall Street: Harvesting the Salt of the Earth 159
The outrage, the thunder, the spark 159
The prairie on fire 165
A networked movement 174
Direct democracy in practice 181
A non-demand movement: "The process is the message" 187
Violence against a non-violent movement 191
What did the movement achieve? 194
The salt of the Earth 200
Networked Social Movements: A Global Trend? 220
Overview 220
The clash between old and new Turkey, Gezi Park, June 2013 227
Challenging the development model, denouncing political corruption: Brazil, 2013-14 230
Beyond neoliberalism: Student movement in Chile, 2011-13 237
Undoing the media-state complex: Mexico's #YoSoy132 239
Networked social movements and social protests 242
Changing the World in the Network Society 246
Networked social movements: An emerging pattern 249
Internet and the culture of autonomy 256
Networked social movements and reform politics: An impossible love? 262
Networked Social Movements and Political Change 272
Overview 272
Crisis of legitimacy and political change: A global perspective 274
Challenging the failure of Italian parliamentary democracy from the inside: Beppe Grillo and his
Five Stars Movement 277
The effects of networked social movements on the political system 284
Occupying minds, not the state: Post-Occupy blues in the US 284
The streets, the Presidenta, and the would-be Presidenta: Popular protests and presidential
elections in Brazil 286
The political schizophrenia of Turkish society: Secular movements and Islamist politics 294
Reinventing politics, upsetting bipartisan hegemony: Podemos in Spain 296
Levers of political change? 308
Beyond Outrage, Hope: The Life and Death of Networked Social Movements 314
Appendix to Changing the World in the Network Society 317
Public opinion in selected countries toward Occupy and similar movements 317
Attitudes of citizens toward governments, political and financial institutions in the United States,
European Union, and the world at large 318
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